Substation Design | Power System Analysis
There’s a little bit of reasoning applied when you layout the equipment inside the substation. Articles here explains it.
What does it take to design a masterpiece of a substation? Quite a bit, honestly. In this article, I will share 18 design studies or calculations that will set you up to create a beautiful substation. Here’s the list.
Substations contain equipment that are controlled by relays. If the relay is installed at a remote location such as a control house then you need to lay down wires from the relay to the location where the equipment is in the yard. The process of laying wires can be as simple as directly burying them in the ground to pulling them through a conduit. Sometimes cable trenches are used. Site conditions, project funding, and the type of substation (bulk power vs. distribution) dictates which method is the most suitable.
Constructing a substation on an empty piece of land is not as simple as laying foundation and erecting steel structures. You have to consider the soil conditions at the site before building anything. Here is what you need to know:
Pole mounted transformers for station service in substations or to feed residential or commercial buildings are fitted with mounting lugs that are sized per the IEEE standard C57.12.20. The transformers covered by this standard are 500KVA and smaller; High voltage, 34,500V and below; Low voltage, 7970/13,800Y V and below.
Any relay that receives CT input, be it from the breaker bushing, transformer bushing, or a stand-alone CT bushing – needs to have its neutral circuit grounded. Grounding shall be done at only one location along the entire length of the circuit.